Diesel cycle

The Diesel cycle is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.
Diesel cycle is similar to Otto cycle except in the fact that it has one constant pressure process instead of a constant volume process.

                                                                                   Picture References wikipedia.org

Process 1 to 2 is isentropic compression of the fluid
Process 2 to 3 is reversible constant pressure heating
Process 3 to 4 is isentropic expansion
Process 4 to 1 is reversible constant volume cooling


In process 1 to 2, the piston moves from Bottom Dead Centre to Top Dead Centre position. Air is compressed inside the cylinder. Pressure of air increases, temperature increases, and volume decreases.
Work is done on the system in this process.


In process 2 to 3, heat is added at constant pressure from an external heat source. Volume increases, temperature increases.

In process 3 to 4 the compressed and heated air is expanded isentropically inside the cylinder. The piston is forced from TDC to BDC in the cylinder. Pressure of air decreases, temperature decreases, and volume increases.

In process 4 to 1, heat is rejected at constant volume. Pressure decreases,temperature decreases and entropy decreases.

Cryogenic rocket engine

 

The Indian space programme is people-centric and application-centric. That’s our USP, that whatever we do, it should finally find a place for the common man. And you have had about eight launches in seven months?
Yes, since July 2013, we have had eight successful missions — PSLVs, a few satellites, the Mars Orbiter Mission and the latest GSLV-D5 with the Indian cryogenic engine and stage.
A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel or oxidizer, that is, its fuel or oxidizer (or both) are gases liquefied and stored at very low temperatures. Notably, these engines were one of the main factors of NASA's ultimate success in reaching the Moon by the Saturn V rocket.



The major components of a cryogenic rocket engine are the combustion chamber (thrust chamber), pyrotechnic initiator, fuel injector, fuel cryopumps, oxidizer cryopumps, gas turbine, cryo valves, regulators, the fuel tanks, and rocket engine nozzle. In terms of feeding propellants to the combustion chamber, cryogenic rocket engines (or, generally, all liquid-propellant engines) are either pressure-fed or pump-fed, and pump-fed engines work in either a gas-generator cycle, a staged-combustion cycle, or an expander cycle.

clutch working and types

A clutch is a mechanical device that provides for the transmission of power (and therefore usually motion) from one component (the driving member) to another (the driven member) when engaged, but can be disengaged.

A clutch is that part of engine which engages or disengages power from the engine crankshaft to transmission. A clutch is mechanism by which you change the gears. In simple words, it turns on or off power to rear wheel. A clutch is made of clutch assembly which includes clutch plate, Clutch basket, Clutch hub, pressure plates, Clutch springs, lever and clutch cable.

single-clutch transmission

Single Plate Clutch: A single disc or plate clutch consists of a clutch plate whose both sides are faced with a frictional material. It is mounted on the hub which is free to move axially along he splines of the driven shaft. The pressure plate is mounted inside the clutch body which is bolted to the flywheel.

Dual-clutch transmission

 A dual-clutch transmission, (DCT) (sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch gearbox or double-clutch transmission), is a type of semi-automatic or automated manual automotive transmission. It uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets. It can fundamentally be described as two separate manual transmissions (with their respective clutches) contained within one housing, and working as one unit